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Rmd db9b34f WevertonGomesCosta 2025-01-13 update mixed_models.Rmd

Data and libraries

Load Libraries

library(kableExtra)
library(tidyverse)
library(data.table)
library(metan)
library(ggthemes)
library(GGally)
library(furrr)
theme_set(theme_bw())

Import and prepare dataset:

pheno <- read.csv("data/pheno_clean.csv") %>%
  mutate(across(c(Clone, Ano, row, col, Bloco), as.factor))

Genotype-environment analysis by mixed-effect models

Define a function to obtain the BLUPs and other model parameters:

BLUPS_par_mmer <- function(model, trait, teste_LRT) {
  # log likelihood of the model, AIC, convergence T/F
  modelfit <- summary(model)$logo
  # number of groups for factors, could be used to compute DF
  groups <- summary(model)$groups
  # variance components
  varcomp <- summary(model)$varcomp
  
  # variance components
  Vg <- model$sigma$Clone %>% as.vector()
  Ve <- model$sigma$units %>% as.vector()
  
  # Narrow-sense heritability
  H2_narrow <- Vg / (Vg + Ve)
  
  # Broad-sense heritability
  Va <- model$sigma$`Ano:Clone` %>% as.vector()
  Ve <- model$sigma$units %>% as.vector()
  n.ano <- length(model$U$Ano[[trait]])
  H2_Broad <- (Vg) / (Vg + (Va / n.ano) + (Ve / (2 * n.ano)))
  
  # Extract the BLUPs and PEVs, compute Reliability (REL),
  # de-regressed BLUPs and weights for downstream analysis
  blups <- model$U$Clone %>%
    unlist() %>%
    tibble(Clone = names(.), BLUP = .) %>%
    mutate(
      Clone = gsub("Clone", "", Clone),
      PEV = diag(as.matrix(model$PevU$Clone[[1]])),
      # prediction error variance
      REL = 1 - PEV / Vg,
      # Reliability
      drgBLUP = BLUP / REL,
      # De-regressed BLUP
      WT = (1 - H2_narrow) / ((0.1 + (1 - REL) / REL) * H2_narrow) # weight for downstream
    )
  
  # Combine all outputs into one object the function can return()
  out <- list(
    Trait = trait,
    H2_Broad = H2_Broad,
    H2_narrow = H2_narrow,
    model = model,
    modelfit = list(modelfit),
    groups = list(groups),
    blups = list(blups),
    varcomp = list(varcomp),
    teste_LRT = teste_LRT
  )
  
  return(out)
}

save(BLUPS_par_mmer, file = "output/BLUPS_par_mmer.Rdata")

Convert trait columns to numeric and calculate the mean for each trait:

traits <- colnames(pheno)[6:ncol(pheno)]
pheno <- pheno %>%
  mutate_at(traits, as.numeric)

mean_pheno <- pheno %>%
  summarise(across(where(is.numeric), \(x) mean(x, na.rm = TRUE))) %>%
  as.data.frame()

write.csv(mean_pheno, "output/mean_pheno.csv", row.names = FALSE)

Set up parallel processing. Define and run multiple models to get the BLUPs: ATTENTION: This process is time-consuming.

# Função para rodar os modelos e coletar os resultados
run_models <- function(trait, pheno) {
  # Selecionar apenas as colunas necessárias no início
  data <- pheno %>%
    select(1:5, all_of(trait)) %>%
    na.omit() %>%
    droplevels() %>%
    as.data.table()
  
  formula <- as.formula(paste(trait, "~ Ano:Bloco"))
  
  formulas_random <- list(
    as.formula("~ Clone + Ano + Ano:Clone + row + col"),
    as.formula("~ Clone + Ano + row + col"),
    as.formula("~ Clone + Ano:Clone + row + col"),
    as.formula("~ Ano + Ano:Clone + row + col"),
    as.formula("~ Clone + Ano + Ano:Clone + col"),
    as.formula("~ Clone + Ano + Ano:Clone + row")
  )
  
  model <- function(formulas_random) {
    sommer::mmer(
      fixed = formula,
      random = formulas_random,
      rcov = ~ units,
      data = data,
      verbose = TRUE
    )
  }
  
  models <-
    map(formulas_random, model)
  
  # Nomear os modelos
  names(models) <-
    c("Complete", "Clone:Year", "Year", "Clone", "row", "col")
  
  # Calcular os testes ANOVA para todos os modelos
  anova_tests <-
    list(
      sommer::anova.mmer(models$Complete, models$`Clone:Year`),
      sommer::anova.mmer(models$Complete, models$Year),
      sommer::anova.mmer(models$Complete, models$Clone),
      sommer::anova.mmer(models$Complete, models$row),
      sommer::anova.mmer(models$Complete, models$col)
    )
  
  teste_LRT <- do.call(bind_rows, anova_tests) %>% 
    distinct()
  
  rownames(teste_LRT) <-
    c("Complete", "Clone:Year", "Year", "Clone", "row", "col")
  
  BLUPS_par_mmer(models$Complete, trait, teste_LRT)
}

Run models in paralel for each trait

# Definir o plano para execução paralela
plan(multisession)

results <- future_map(traits, run_models, pheno = pheno)
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -394.699   13:44:3      142           0
    2      -315.517   13:46:24      283           0
    3      -290.671   13:48:41      420           0
    4      -284.172   13:50:58      557           1
    5      -283.035   13:53:17      696           1
    6      -283.032   13:55:42      841           1
    7      -283.032   13:58:5      984           1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -473.011   14:1:7      122           0
    2      -353.738   14:3:10      245           0
    3      -320.891   14:5:24      379           0
    4      -313.841   14:7:30      505           0
    5      -312.73   14:9:39      634           1
    6      -312.632   14:11:47      762           1
    7      -312.632   14:14:1      896           1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -394.699   14:16:44      143           0
    2      -315.517   14:19:9      288           0
    3      -290.671   14:21:27      426           0
    4      -284.172   14:23:46      565           1
    5      -283.035   14:26:4      703           1
    6      -283.032   14:28:21      840           1
    7      -283.032   14:30:42      981           1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -510.615   14:34:8      136           0
    2      -363.489   14:36:25      273           0
    3      -320.95   14:38:42      410           0
    4      -312.27   14:40:58      546           1
    5      -311.339   14:43:16      684           1
    6      -311.335   14:45:32      820           1
    7      -311.335   14:47:35      943           1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -371.879   14:50:35      123           0
    2      -302.334   14:52:38      246           0
    3      -285.188   14:54:43      371           0
    4      -283.089   14:56:44      492           0
    5      -283.034   14:58:44      612           0
    6      -283.032   15:0:34      722           0
    7      -283.032   15:2:21      829           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -384.654   15:5:9      111           0
    2      -315.719   15:7:2      224           0
    3      -296.24   15:8:54      336           0
    4      -290.797   15:10:44      446           1
    5      -289.762   15:12:25      547           1
    6      -289.761   15:14:6      648           1
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 598.0635 687.4686 -283.0317                                        
mod2 53 657.2635 746.6685 -312.6317 59.19997     1 1.42436244665181e-14 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 54 598.0635 687.4686 -283.0317                    
mod2 53 598.0635 687.4686 -283.0317     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 598.0635 687.4686 -283.0317                                        
mod2 53 654.6696 744.0747 -311.3348 56.60615     1 5.32450566461941e-14 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf  PrChisq
mod1 54 598.0635 687.4686 -283.0317                     
mod2 53 598.0635 687.4686 -283.0317     0     1 0.99903 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf     PrChisq
mod1 54 598.0635 687.4686 -283.0317                           
mod2 53 611.5227 700.9277 -289.7613 13.45919     1 0.00024 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -535.378   15:16:29      96           0
    2      -470.687   15:18:6      193           0
    3      -450.476   15:19:43      290           0
    4      -447.928   15:21:22      389           0
    5      -447.795   15:22:57      484           0
    6      -447.769   15:24:29      576           0
    7      -447.762   15:25:50      657           0
    8      -447.761   15:27:8      735           0
    9      -447.76   15:28:27      814           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -614.03   15:30:11      69           0
    2      -534.113   15:31:27      145           0
    3      -515.081   15:32:38      216           0
    4      -512.744   15:33:54      292           0
    5      -512.512   15:35:12      370           0
    6      -512.449   15:36:25      443           0
    7      -512.429   15:37:20      498           0
    8      -512.422   15:38:7      545           0
    9      -512.42   15:38:55      593           0
    10      -512.419   15:39:43      641           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -535.378   15:40:36      46           0
    2      -470.687   15:41:24      94           0
    3      -450.476   15:42:10      140           0
    4      -447.928   15:42:56      186           0
    5      -447.795   15:43:40      230           0
    6      -447.769   15:44:26      276           0
    7      -447.762   15:45:11      321           0
    8      -447.761   15:45:55      365           0
    9      -447.76   15:46:39      409           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -641.454   15:47:38      40           0
    2      -507.57   15:48:19      81           0
    3      -469.431   15:48:59      121           0
    4      -465.32   15:49:41      163           0
    5      -465.161   15:50:23      205           0
    6      -465.13   15:51:3      245           0
    7      -465.122   15:51:45      287           0
    8      -465.12   15:52:30      332           0
    9      -465.119   15:53:14      376           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -529.4   15:54:15      42           0
    2      -470.667   15:54:55      82           0
    3      -453.266   15:55:36      123           0
    4      -451.512   15:56:20      167           0
    5      -451.499   15:57:1      208           0
    6      -451.498   15:57:41      248           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -528.449   15:58:42      41           0
    2      -475.26   15:59:22      81           0
    3      -460.44   16:0:6      125           0
    4      -458.458   16:0:47      166           0
    5      -458.31   16:1:30      209           0
    6      -458.279   16:2:15      254           0
    7      -458.271   16:2:57      296           0
    8      -458.269   16:3:37      336           0
    9      -458.268   16:4:17      376           0
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df       AIC      BIC     loLik     Chisq ChiDf                 PrChisq
mod1 54  927.5204 1016.820 -447.7602                                        
mod2 53 1056.8375 1146.137 -512.4187 129.31702     1 5.7807213084901e-30 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC     BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 54 927.5204 1016.82 -447.7602                    
mod2 53 927.5204 1016.82 -447.7602     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 927.5204 1016.820 -447.7602                                        
mod2 53 962.2390 1051.538 -465.1195 34.71854     1 3.80986092686306e-09 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf    PrChisq
mod1 54 927.5204 1016.820 -447.7602                         
mod2 53 934.9968 1024.296 -451.4984 7.47637     1 0.00625 **
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 927.5204 1016.820 -447.7602                                        
mod2 53 948.5361 1037.835 -458.2681 21.01567     1 4.55542957069547e-06 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      15.6647   13:44:28      166           0
    2      117.749   13:47:16      334           0
    3      148.727   13:50:0      498           0
    4      152.611   13:52:44      662           0
    5      152.749   13:55:34      832           0
    6      152.764   13:58:21      999           0
    7      152.767   14:1:5      1163           0
    8      152.767   14:3:56      1334           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -80.7959   14:7:44      150           0
    2      69.6931   14:10:14      300           0
    3      116.347   14:12:48      454           0
    4      121.918   14:15:33      619           0
    5      122.156   14:18:29      795           0
    6      122.185   14:21:11      957           0
    7      122.19   14:23:52      1118           0
    8      122.192   14:26:34      1280           0
    9      122.192   14:29:13      1439           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      15.6647   14:32:23      166           0
    2      117.749   14:35:3      326           0
    3      148.727   14:37:41      484           0
    4      152.611   14:40:26      649           0
    5      152.749   14:43:8      811           0
    6      152.764   14:45:45      968           0
    7      152.767   14:48:11      1114           0
    8      152.767   14:50:36      1259           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -106.064   14:54:8      143           0
    2      72.0855   14:56:32      287           0
    3      122.696   14:58:53      428           0
    4      128.271   15:1:2      557           0
    5      128.41   15:3:11      686           0
    6      128.431   15:5:21      816           0
    7      128.435   15:7:30      945           0
    8      128.436   15:9:43      1078           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      11.8319   15:12:40      118           0
    2      108.707   15:14:39      237           0
    3      137.44   15:16:19      337           0
    4      140.756   15:17:59      437           0
    5      140.832   15:19:40      538           0
    6      140.835   15:21:23      641           0
    7      140.835   15:23:2      740           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      35.4468   15:25:21      93           0
    2      123.571   15:26:42      174           0
    3      145.252   15:28:7      259           0
    4      147.553   15:29:28      340           0
    5      147.675   15:30:59      431           0
    6      147.691   15:32:24      516           0
    7      147.695   15:33:54      606           0
    8      147.695   15:35:26      698           0
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df       AIC       BIC    loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 -273.5348 -183.2544 152.7674                                        
mod2 53 -212.3835 -122.1031 122.1918 61.15126     1 5.28539028651048e-15 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df       AIC       BIC    loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 54 -273.5348 -183.2544 152.7674                    
mod2 53 -273.5348 -183.2544 152.7674     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df       AIC       BIC    loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 -273.5348 -183.2544 152.7674                                        
mod2 53 -224.8719 -134.5916 128.4360 48.66283     1 3.03973677890998e-12 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df       AIC       BIC    loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 -273.5348 -183.2544 152.7674                                        
mod2 53 -249.6705 -159.3901 140.8352 23.86428     1 1.03372377017493e-06 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df       AIC       BIC    loLik    Chisq ChiDf    PrChisq
mod1 54 -273.5348 -183.2544 152.7674                          
mod2 53 -263.3904 -173.1100 147.6952 10.14439     1 0.00145 **
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -162.21   13:42:20      38           0
    2      -104.964   13:43:6      84           0
    3      -88.985   13:43:51      129           0
    4      -86.9112   13:44:32      170           0
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    6      -86.808   13:45:59      257           0
    7      -86.8074   13:46:41      299           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -219.749   13:47:33      36           0
    2      -130.556   13:48:9      72           0
    3      -103.442   13:48:46      109           0
    4      -100.333   13:49:23      146           0
    5      -100.263   13:50:1      184           0
    6      -100.261   13:50:36      219           0
    7      -100.261   13:51:13      256           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -162.21   13:51:55      37           0
    2      -104.964   13:52:33      75           0
    3      -88.985   13:53:10      112           0
    4      -86.9112   13:53:46      148           0
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    6      -86.808   13:55:5      227           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -230.556   13:56:34      38           0
    2      -128.304   13:57:13      77           0
    3      -100.681   13:57:52      116           0
    4      -97.7205   13:58:28      152           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -165.592   14:1:9      35           0
    2      -113.859   14:1:46      72           0
    3      -100.718   14:2:24      110           0
    4      -99.4108   14:3:3      149           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -168.972   14:6:4      40           0
    2      -119.657   14:6:44      80           0
    3      -105.653   14:7:23      119           0
    4      -103.829   14:8:0      156           0
    5      -103.751   14:8:41      197           0
    6      -103.747   14:9:21      237           0
    7      -103.746   14:9:58      274           0
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC      loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 197.6149 259.9120  -86.80744                                        
mod2 41 224.5228 286.8199 -100.26138 26.90789     1 2.13386444379736e-07 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC     BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 42 197.6149 259.912 -86.80744                    
mod2 41 197.6149 259.912 -86.80744     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 197.6149 259.9120 -86.80744                                        
mod2 41 219.2662 281.5633 -97.63308 21.65128     1 3.26990929235941e-06 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 197.6149 259.9120 -86.80744                                        
mod2 41 222.7045 285.0017 -99.35225 25.08963     1 5.47263978461532e-07 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC      loLik    Chisq ChiDf                PrChisq
mod1 42 197.6149 259.9120  -86.80744                                      
mod2 41 231.4926 293.7898 -103.74630 33.87773     1 5.868655151605e-09 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -461.848   14:10:59      45           0
    2      -435.948   14:11:45      91           0
    3      -427.273   14:12:31      137           0
    4      -425.817   14:13:18      184           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -504.675   14:17:41      45           0
    2      -470.459   14:18:26      90           0
    3      -461.911   14:19:6      130           0
    4      -460.668   14:19:49      173           0
    5      -460.557   14:20:31      215           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -461.848   14:23:21      41           0
    2      -435.948   14:24:1      81           0
    3      -427.273   14:24:40      120           0
    4      -425.817   14:25:24      164           0
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    6      -425.676   14:26:44      244           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -512.102   14:29:1      36           0
    2      -451.936   14:29:45      80           0
    3      -434.318   14:30:31      126           0
    4      -431.948   14:31:12      167           0
    5      -431.788   14:31:52      207           0
    6      -431.767   14:32:34      249           0
    7      -431.764   14:33:15      290           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -456.402   14:34:52      39           0
    2      -434.7   14:35:34      81           0
    3      -428.895   14:36:15      122           0
    4      -428.399   14:36:55      162           0
    5      -428.393   14:37:34      201           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -477.151   14:39:20      43           0
    2      -456.703   14:40:1      84           0
    3      -449.048   14:40:43      126           0
    4      -447.556   14:41:23      166           0
    5      -447.425   14:42:5      208           0
    6      -447.407   14:42:47      250           0
    7      -447.405   14:43:30      293           0
    8      -447.404   14:44:11      334           0
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC       BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 875.3465  937.5529 -425.6732                                        
mod2 41 945.0826 1007.2891 -460.5413 69.73615     1 6.77920499480788e-17 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 42 875.3465 937.5529 -425.6732                    
mod2 41 875.3465 937.5529 -425.6732     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf     PrChisq
mod1 42 875.3465 937.5529 -425.6732                           
mod2 41 887.5270 949.7334 -431.7635 12.18049     1 0.00048 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf   PrChisq
mod1 42 875.3465 937.5529 -425.6732                        
mod2 41 880.7859 942.9924 -428.3930 5.43948     1 0.01969 *
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 875.3465 937.5529 -425.6732                                        
mod2 41 918.8085 981.0149 -447.4042 43.46198     1 4.32276349277575e-11 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -289.567   13:44:28      165           0
    2      -261.843   13:47:13      330           0
    3      -252.699   13:49:55      492           0
    4      -251.439   13:52:36      653           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -345.015   14:4:27      149           0
    2      -291.708   14:7:3      305           0
    3      -275.052   14:9:31      453           0
    4      -272.831   14:12:0      602           0
    5      -272.769   14:14:38      760           0
    6      -272.767   14:17:23      925           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -289.567   14:23:12      161           0
    2      -261.843   14:25:52      321           0
    3      -252.699   14:28:32      481           0
    4      -251.439   14:31:14      643           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -359.488   14:43:11      162           0
    2      -289.428   14:45:46      317           0
    3      -268.502   14:48:9      460           0
    4      -265.908   14:50:33      604           0
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    6      -265.833   14:55:21      892           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -304.458   15:0:51      128           0
    2      -280.074   15:2:57      254           0
    3      -272.389   15:5:5      382           0
    4      -271.408   15:7:15      512           0
    5      -271.387   15:9:23      640           0
    6      -271.387   15:11:25      762           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -299.241   15:14:22      118           0
    2      -277.023   15:16:2      218           0
    3      -270.418   15:17:39      315           0
    4      -269.617   15:19:21      417           0
    5      -269.594   15:20:59      515           0
    6      -269.593   15:22:39      615           0
    7      -269.593   15:24:15      711           0
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 534.7999 625.0111 -251.4000                                        
mod2 53 577.5335 667.7446 -272.7667 42.73355     1 6.27272180767349e-11 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC  loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 54 534.7999 625.0111 -251.4                    
mod2 53 534.7999 625.0111 -251.4     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 534.7999 625.0111 -251.4000                                        
mod2 53 563.6663 653.8775 -265.8331 28.86639     1 7.75470773833564e-08 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 534.7999 625.0111 -251.4000                                        
mod2 53 574.7737 664.9849 -271.3868 39.97378     1 2.57395491088429e-10 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 534.7999 625.0111 -251.4000                                       
mod2 53 571.1866 661.3978 -269.5933 36.3867     1 1.61803235320847e-09 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -528.817   13:44:5      141           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -613.879   14:0:45      121           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -528.817   14:15:54      135           0
    2      -448.392   14:18:21      282           0
    3      -417.392   14:20:36      417           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -631.878   14:32:56      134           0
    2      -484.676   14:35:8      266           0
    3      -432.856   14:37:19      397           0
    4      -425.721   14:39:37      535           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -511.928   14:49:0      117           0
    2      -441.538   14:50:59      236           0
    3      -419.121   14:52:59      356           0
    4      -416.045   14:55:1      478           0
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    7      -415.966   15:0:42      819           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -528.577   15:3:23      107           0
    2      -455.357   15:5:10      214           0
    3      -428.084   15:7:0      324           0
    4      -424.43   15:8:48      432           0
    5      -424.333   15:10:37      541           0
    6      -424.33   15:12:15      639           0
    7      -424.33   15:13:53      737           0
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC       BIC     loLik     Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 857.4398  946.6902 -412.7199                                         
mod2 53 998.1175 1087.3678 -483.0588 140.67766     1 1.89246206135505e-32 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 54 857.4398 946.6902 -412.7199                    
mod2 53 857.4398 946.6902 -412.7199     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 857.4398 946.6902 -412.7199                                        
mod2 53 883.0813 972.3316 -425.5406 25.64142     1 4.11120223239732e-07 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf   PrChisq
mod1 54 857.4398 946.6902 -412.7199                        
mod2 53 863.9312 953.1815 -415.9656 6.49137     1 0.01084 *
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 857.4398 946.6902 -412.7199                                        
mod2 53 880.6592 969.9095 -424.3296 23.21936     1 1.44534923248465e-06 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -158.286   13:42:23      39           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -215.958   13:47:35      35           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -158.286   13:51:58      37           0
    2      -100.872   13:52:36      75           0
    3      -84.9006   13:53:12      111           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -226.713   13:56:37      38           0
    2      -124.162   13:57:16      77           0
    3      -96.5196   13:57:54      115           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -161.587   14:1:13      36           0
    2      -109.907   14:1:50      73           0
    3      -96.816   14:2:27      110           0
    4      -95.5212   14:3:5      148           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -166.076   14:6:6      39           0
    2      -116.645   14:6:46      79           0
    3      -102.599   14:7:25      118           0
    4      -100.777   14:8:2      155           0
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    6      -100.694   14:9:23      236           0
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Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 189.4985 251.7957 -82.74926                                        
mod2 41 216.7650 279.0621 -96.38249 27.26647     1 1.77258942847132e-07 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 42 189.4985 251.7957 -82.74926                    
mod2 41 189.4985 251.7957 -82.74926     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 189.4985 251.7957 -82.74926                                        
mod2 41 211.0080 273.3051 -93.50400 21.50949     1 3.52082519764859e-06 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 189.4985 251.7957 -82.74926                                       
mod2 41 214.9269 277.2241 -95.46346 25.4284     1 4.59109129196136e-07 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC      loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 189.4985 251.7957  -82.74926                                        
mod2 41 225.3872 287.6843 -100.69358 35.88865     1 2.08922621245291e-09 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -562.778   14:12:43      146           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -592.784   14:34:28      132           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -562.778   14:51:48      120           0
    2      -547.208   14:53:47      239           0
    3      -537.405   14:55:47      359           0
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iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -602.519   15:7:38      106           0
    2      -565.678   15:9:28      216           0
    3      -549.257   15:11:13      321           0
    4      -545.996   15:12:51      419           0
    5      -545.805   15:14:30      518           0
    6      -545.78   15:15:55      603           0
    7      -545.776   15:17:14      682           0
    8      -545.775   15:18:38      766           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -558.087   15:20:44      84           0
    2      -547.294   15:22:8      168           0
    3      -540.355   15:23:28      248           0
    4      -538.859   15:24:48      328           0
    5      -538.832   15:25:55      395           0
    6      -538.832   15:27:2      462           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -551.481   15:28:46      67           0
    2      -543.944   15:29:52      133           0
    3      -539.714   15:31:10      211           0
    4      -538.537   15:32:20      281           0
    5      -538.407   15:33:36      357           0
    6      -538.388   15:34:47      428           0
    7      -538.385   15:36:6      507           0
    8      -538.385   15:37:3      564           0
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                 PrChisq
mod1 54 1101.667 1190.934 -534.8335                                       
mod2 53 1123.239 1212.506 -545.6195 21.57199     1 3.4079354505434e-06 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 54 1101.667 1190.934 -534.8335                    
mod2 53 1101.667 1190.934 -534.8335     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 1101.667 1190.934 -534.8335                                        
mod2 53 1123.551 1212.817 -545.7753 21.88364     1 2.89692983267488e-06 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf    PrChisq
mod1 54 1101.667 1190.934 -534.8335                         
mod2 53 1109.663 1198.930 -538.8316 7.99634     1 0.00469 **
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf    PrChisq
mod1 54 1101.667 1190.934 -534.8335                         
mod2 53 1108.770 1198.037 -538.3850 7.10313     1 0.00769 **
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -361.373   13:44:7      141           0
    2      -331.894   13:46:22      276           0
    3      -316.66   13:48:37      411           0
    4      -314.616   13:50:51      545           0
    5      -314.564   13:53:7      681           0
    6      -314.563   13:55:30      824           0
    7      -314.563   13:57:49      963           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -406.497   14:0:49      121           0
    2      -359.525   14:2:48      240           0
    3      -339.983   14:4:59      371           0
    4      -337.587   14:7:6      498           0
    5      -337.545   14:9:11      623           0
    6      -337.545   14:11:13      745           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -361.373   14:13:42      132           0
    2      -331.894   14:16:0      270           0
    3      -316.66   14:18:23      413           0
    4      -314.616   14:20:41      551           0
    5      -314.564   14:22:56      686           0
    6      -314.563   14:25:7      817           0
    7      -314.563   14:27:20      950           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -421.695   14:30:49      139           0
    2      -357.221   14:33:1      271           0
    3      -330.404   14:35:14      404           0
    4      -326.633   14:37:25      535           0
    5      -326.553   14:39:45      675           0
    6      -326.551   14:41:58      808           0
    7      -326.551   14:44:15      945           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -369.406   14:47:15      119           0
    2      -347.739   14:49:14      238           0
    3      -336.137   14:51:12      356           0
    4      -334.358   14:53:11      475           0
    5      -334.318   14:55:13      597           0
    6      -334.317   14:57:11      715           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -346.626   14:59:59      107           0
    2      -326.464   15:1:45      213           0
    3      -318.912   15:3:31      319           0
    4      -318.059   15:5:20      428           0
    5      -318.043   15:7:9      537           0
    6      -318.043   15:8:58      646           0
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                 PrChisq
mod1 54 661.1255 750.3922 -314.5627                                       
mod2 53 707.0892 796.3559 -337.5446 45.96368     1 1.2046603370457e-11 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 54 661.1255 750.3922 -314.5627                    
mod2 53 661.1255 750.3922 -314.5627     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 661.1255 750.3922 -314.5627                                        
mod2 53 685.1023 774.3689 -326.5511 23.97677     1 9.75052895926333e-07 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 661.1255 750.3922 -314.5627                                        
mod2 53 700.6341 789.9008 -334.3170 39.50859     1 3.26620244912293e-10 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf    PrChisq
mod1 54 661.1255 750.3922 -314.5627                         
mod2 53 668.0854 757.3521 -318.0427 6.95995     1 0.00834 **
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -805.664   13:44:29      163           0
    2      -784.384   13:47:14      328           0
    3      -772.521   13:49:54      488           0
    4      -770.251   13:52:36      650           0
    5      -770.14   13:55:21      815           0
    6      -770.129   13:58:5      979           0
    7      -770.128   14:0:47      1141           0
    8      -770.127   14:3:32      1306           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -849.138   14:7:19      151           0
    2      -815.256   14:9:45      297           0
    3      -798.999   14:12:14      446           0
    4      -795.924   14:14:54      606           0
    5      -795.774   14:17:43      775           0
    6      -795.757   14:20:28      940           0
    7      -795.755   14:23:9      1101           0
    8      -795.755   14:25:46      1258           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -805.664   14:28:43      156           0
    2      -784.384   14:31:25      318           0
    3      -772.521   14:34:3      476           0
    4      -770.251   14:36:38      631           0
    5      -770.14   14:39:18      791           0
    6      -770.129   14:41:56      949           0
    7      -770.128   14:44:34      1107           0
    8      -770.127   14:46:57      1250           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -855.04   14:50:29      143           0
    2      -804.801   14:52:51      285           0
    3      -783.083   14:55:15      429           0
    4      -779.144   14:57:35      569           0
    5      -778.979   14:59:48      702           0
    6      -778.964   15:1:53      827           0
    7      -778.963   15:3:57      951           0
    8      -778.962   15:6:5      1079           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -797.541   15:9:11      128           0
    2      -782.619   15:11:14      251           0
    3      -774.976   15:13:10      367           0
    4      -773.812   15:15:1      478           0
    5      -773.799   15:16:38      575           0
    6      -773.798   15:18:18      675           0
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -802.88   15:20:47      100           0
    2      -789.111   15:22:26      199           0
    3      -782.559   15:24:1      294           0
    4      -781.079   15:25:30      383           0
    5      -780.963   15:26:48      461           0
    6      -780.95   15:28:12      545           0
    7      -780.949   15:29:32      625           0
    8      -780.949   15:31:2      715           0
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 1572.255 1662.435 -770.1274                                        
mod2 53 1623.509 1713.690 -795.7547 51.25459     1 8.11307329704012e-13 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 54 1572.255 1662.435 -770.1274                    
mod2 53 1572.255 1662.435 -770.1274     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf   PrChisq
mod1 54 1572.255 1662.435 -770.1274                         
mod2 53 1589.925 1680.105 -778.9624 17.67003     1 3e-05 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf    PrChisq
mod1 54 1572.255 1662.435 -770.1274                         
mod2 53 1579.597 1669.777 -773.7984 7.34197     1 0.00674 **
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 54 1572.255 1662.435 -770.1274                                        
mod2 53 1593.897 1684.078 -780.9486 21.64253     1 3.28486263381027e-06 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -362.218   15:32:13      33           0
    2      -332.02   15:32:46      66           0
    3      -310.736   15:33:23      103           1
    4      -306.197   15:33:56      136           2
    5      -305.828   15:34:28      168           2
    6      -305.828   15:35:7      207           2
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -403.57   15:35:47      28           0
    2      -363.974   15:36:19      60           0
    3      -341.893   15:36:41      82           1
    4      -336.72   15:37:4      105           1
    5      -336.115   15:37:25      126           1
    6      -336.007   15:37:44      145           2
    7      -335.992   15:38:3      164           2
    8      -335.992   15:38:22      183           2
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -362.218   15:38:44      19           0
    2      -332.02   15:39:3      38           0
    3      -310.736   15:39:21      56           1
    4      -306.197   15:39:42      77           2
    5      -305.828   15:40:0      95           2
    6      -305.828   15:40:18      113           2
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -407.423   15:40:43      17           0
    2      -346.71   15:41:3      37           0
    3      -317.669   15:41:22      56           1
    4      -311.539   15:41:41      75           2
    5      -311.025   15:41:59      93           2
    6      -311.025   15:42:17      111           2
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -336.469   15:42:42      19           0
    2      -318.793   15:43:0      37           0
    3      -309.671   15:43:18      55           0
    4      -306.216   15:43:36      73           0
    5      -305.83   15:43:53      90           1
    6      -305.828   15:44:12      109           1
    7      -305.828   15:44:31      128           1
iteration    LogLik     wall    cpu(sec)   restrained
    1      -347.932   15:44:56      19           0
    2      -322.828   15:45:13      36           0
    3      -307.526   15:45:30      53           1
    4      -305.828   15:45:49      72           1
    5      -305.828   15:46:6      89           1
Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik   Chisq ChiDf                  PrChisq
mod1 42 635.6560 698.9746 -305.8280                                       
mod2 41 695.9839 759.3025 -335.9919 60.3279     1 8.03011934485854e-15 ***
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df     AIC      BIC    loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
mod1 42 635.656 698.9746 -305.828                    
mod2 41 635.656 698.9746 -305.828     0     1      1 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC     loLik    Chisq ChiDf    PrChisq
mod1 42 635.6560 698.9746 -305.8280                          
mod2 41 646.0491 709.3678 -311.0246 10.39316     1 0.00126 **
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df      AIC      BIC    loLik Chisq ChiDf  PrChisq
mod1 42 635.6560 698.9746 -305.828                     
mod2 41 635.6559 698.9746 -305.828 3e-05     1 0.99558 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Likelihood ratio test for mixed models
==============================================================
     Df     AIC      BIC    loLik Chisq ChiDf  PrChisq
mod1 42 635.656 698.9746 -305.828                     
mod2 41 635.656 698.9746 -305.828 1e-05     1 0.99784 
==============================================================
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
names(results) <- traits

# Salvar os resultados em formato RDS
saveRDS(results, file = "output/result_sommer_row_col_random.RDS")

Obtain Parameters

As “future_map” was used to run each stage 1 analysis in parallel, each trait is stored as a separate element in a list. We need to process the “results” object into a “data.frame” or “matrix” for further analysis.

Combine the results them into a single data frame for each parameter.

BLUPS <- map_dfr(results, function(res) {
  data.frame(
    trait = res$Trait,
    Clone = res$blups[[1]]$Clone,
    BLUP = res$blups[[1]]$BLUP,
    BLUPS_mean = res$blups[[1]]$BLUP + mean_pheno[, res$Trait],
    drgBLUP_mean = res$blups[[1]]$drgBLUP + mean_pheno[, res$Trait]
  )
})

H2 <- map_dfr(results, function(res) {
  data.frame(
    trait = res$Trait,
    H2_Broad = res$H2_Broad,
    H2_narrow = res$H2_narrow
  )
})

varcomp <- map_dfr(results, function(res) {
  data.frame(
    trait = res$Trait,
    grp = c("Clone", "Ano", "Ano:Clone", "row", "col", "units"),
    res$varcomp
  )
})


teste_LRT <- map_dfr(results, function(res) {
  data.frame(
    trait = res$Trait,
    model = c("Complete", "Clone:Year", "Year", "Clone", "row", "col"),
    res$teste_LRT
  )
})

# Function to extract residuals from each model and create a data frame
fitted_residual_data <- map_dfr(results, function(res) {
  extract_res <- sommer::residuals.mmer(res$model)
  df <- data.frame(residuals(res$model)[, c(1:5, 8, 15)], trait = res$Trait)
  colnames(df)[6:7] <- c("fitted", "residuals")
  return(df)
})

Results

Variance components

Distribution of variance components

varcomp %>%
  group_by(trait) %>%
  mutate(freq_relat = VarComp / sum(VarComp)) %>%
  mutate(freq_relat = round(freq_relat * 100, 2)) %>%
  select(trait, grp, freq_relat) %>%
  kbl(escape = F, align = 'c') %>%
  kable_classic("hover", full_width = F, position = "center", fixed_thead = T)
trait grp freq_relat
N_Roots Clone 34.04
N_Roots Ano 9.46
N_Roots Ano:Clone 15.76
N_Roots row 0.00
N_Roots col 1.45
N_Roots units 39.29
FRY Clone 22.22
FRY Ano 9.47
FRY Ano:Clone 25.75
FRY row 2.37
FRY col 1.66
FRY units 38.53
ShY Clone 38.82
ShY Ano 8.67
ShY Ano:Clone 14.56
ShY row 3.65
ShY col 0.70
ShY units 33.60
DMC Clone 37.91
DMC Ano 8.64
DMC Ano:Clone 13.82
DMC row 2.50
DMC col 4.18
DMC units 32.95
StY Clone 15.90
StY Ano 9.74
StY Ano:Clone 25.73
StY row 1.82
StY col 4.83
StY units 41.98
Plant.Height Clone 23.32
Plant.Height Ano 9.89
Plant.Height Ano:Clone 15.06
Plant.Height row 4.38
Plant.Height col 3.32
Plant.Height units 44.04
HI Clone 23.65
HI Ano 9.16
HI Ano:Clone 28.91
HI row 0.61
HI col 1.92
HI units 35.76
StC Clone 37.81
StC Ano 8.62
StC Ano:Clone 13.90
StC row 2.52
StC col 4.29
StC units 32.85
Root.Le Clone 17.91
Root.Le Ano 11.07
Root.Le Ano:Clone 12.46
Root.Le row 1.85
Root.Le col 1.22
Root.Le units 55.49
Root.Di Clone 20.14
Root.Di Ano 10.43
Root.Di Ano:Clone 17.93
Root.Di row 2.50
Root.Di col 0.90
Root.Di units 48.10
Stem.D Clone 16.10
Stem.D Ano 10.73
Stem.D Ano:Clone 18.62
Stem.D row 1.58
Stem.D col 1.85
Stem.D units 51.12
Nstem.Plant Clone 14.52
Nstem.Plant Ano 10.65
Nstem.Plant Ano:Clone 24.66
Nstem.Plant row 0.00
Nstem.Plant col 0.00
Nstem.Plant units 50.17

FIGURE 1 Distribution of variance components

varcomp %>%
  mutate(
    grp = recode(
      grp,
      "Ano" = "Year",
      "Ano:Clone" = "Clone:Year",
      "Clone" = "Clone",
      "row" = "Row",
      "col" = "Col",
      .default = "Residual"
    ),
    grp = fct_relevel(grp, c("Row", "Col", "Year", "Clone", "Clone:Year", "Residual"))
  ) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = trait, y = VarComp, fill = grp)) +
  geom_col(position = "fill") +
  labs(y = "Variance Component (%)", x = "Traits", fill = "Var. Comp.") +
  scale_fill_gdocs() +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 25, face = "bold"),
    axis.text.x = element_text(size = 20, angle = 45, hjust = 1, vjust = 1)
  )

Ploting BLUPS

Distribution of the BLUPs

BLUPS %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = BLUPS_mean, fill = trait, color = trait)) +
  geom_density(alpha = 0.8, show.legend = F) +
  facet_wrap(~ trait, ncol = 4, scales = "free", strip.position = "bottom")  +
  scale_fill_gdocs() +
  scale_color_gdocs() +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 20),
    panel.spacing = unit(1, "lines"),
    strip.background = element_blank(),
    panel.background = element_blank(),
    plot.background = element_blank(),
    strip.placement = "outside"
  ) +
  labs(x = "", y = "Density")

Residual Analisys

Residual distribution

fitted_residual_data %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = residuals)) +
  geom_histogram(aes(y = ..density..), bins = 10, fill = "lightblue", color = "black") +
  geom_density(color = "red", size = 1) +
  facet_wrap(~ trait, ncol = 4, scales = "free", strip.position = "bottom")  +
  labs(x = "Residuals", y = "Density") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 20),
    panel.spacing = unit(1, "lines"),
    strip.background = element_blank(),
    panel.background = element_blank(),
    plot.background = element_blank(),
    strip.placement = "outside"
  )

Residuals vs fitted values

fitted_residual_data %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = fitted, y = residuals)) +
  geom_point(color = "blue", alpha = 0.7) +
  facet_wrap(~ trait, ncol = 4, scales = "free", strip.position = "bottom")  +
  labs(x = "Fitted Values", y = "Residuals") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 20),
    panel.spacing = unit(1, "lines"),
    strip.background = element_blank(),
    panel.background = element_blank(),
    plot.background = element_blank(),
    strip.placement = "outside"
  )

Models Analisys

LRT test for comparation of models

teste_LRT %>%
  kbl(escape = F, align = 'c') %>%
  kable_classic("hover", full_width = F, position = "center", fixed_thead = T)
trait model Df AIC BIC loLik Chisq ChiDf PrChisq
N_Roots Complete 54 598.0635 687.4686 -283.03174 NA NA
N_Roots Clone:Year 53 657.2635 746.6685 -312.63173 59.19997 1 1.42436244665181e-14 ***
N_Roots Year 53 598.0635 687.4686 -283.03174 0.00000 1 1
N_Roots Clone 53 654.6696 744.0747 -311.33482 56.60615 1 5.32450566461941e-14 ***
N_Roots row 53 598.0635 687.4686 -283.03174 0.00000 1 0.99903
N_Roots col 53 611.5227 700.9277 -289.76134 13.45919 1 0.00024 ***
FRY Complete 54 927.5204 1016.8198 -447.76022 NA NA
FRY Clone:Year 53 1056.8375 1146.1368 -512.41873 129.31702 1 5.7807213084901e-30 ***
FRY Year 53 927.5204 1016.8198 -447.76022 0.00000 1 1
FRY Clone 53 962.2390 1051.5383 -465.11949 34.71854 1 3.80986092686306e-09 ***
FRY row 53 934.9968 1024.2962 -451.49841 7.47637 1 0.00625 **
FRY col 53 948.5361 1037.8355 -458.26806 21.01567 1 4.55542957069547e-06 ***
ShY Complete 54 -273.5348 -183.2544 152.76738 NA NA
ShY Clone:Year 53 -212.3835 -122.1031 122.19175 61.15126 1 5.28539028651048e-15 ***
ShY Year 53 -273.5348 -183.2544 152.76738 0.00000 1 1
ShY Clone 53 -224.8719 -134.5916 128.43597 48.66283 1 3.03973677890998e-12 ***
ShY row 53 -249.6705 -159.3901 140.83525 23.86428 1 1.03372377017493e-06 ***
ShY col 53 -263.3904 -173.1100 147.69519 10.14439 1 0.00145 **
DMC Complete 42 197.6149 259.9120 -86.80744 NA NA
DMC Clone:Year 41 224.5228 286.8199 -100.26138 26.90789 1 2.13386444379736e-07 ***
DMC Year 41 197.6149 259.9120 -86.80744 0.00000 1 1
DMC Clone 41 219.2662 281.5633 -97.63308 21.65128 1 3.26990929235941e-06 ***
DMC row 41 222.7045 285.0017 -99.35225 25.08963 1 5.47263978461532e-07 ***
DMC col 41 231.4926 293.7898 -103.74630 33.87773 1 5.868655151605e-09 ***
StY Complete 42 875.3465 937.5529 -425.67323 NA NA
StY Clone:Year 41 945.0826 1007.2891 -460.54131 69.73615 1 6.77920499480788e-17 ***
StY Year 41 875.3465 937.5529 -425.67323 0.00000 1 1
StY Clone 41 887.5270 949.7334 -431.76348 12.18049 1 0.00048 ***
StY row 41 880.7859 942.9924 -428.39297 5.43948 1 0.01969 *
StY col 41 918.8085 981.0149 -447.40423 43.46198 1 4.32276349277575e-11 ***
Plant.Height Complete 54 534.7999 625.0111 -251.39996 NA NA
Plant.Height Clone:Year 53 577.5335 667.7446 -272.76673 42.73355 1 6.27272180767349e-11 ***
Plant.Height Year 53 534.7999 625.0111 -251.39996 0.00000 1 1
Plant.Height Clone 53 563.6663 653.8775 -265.83315 28.86639 1 7.75470773833564e-08 ***
Plant.Height row 53 574.7737 664.9849 -271.38684 39.97378 1 2.57395491088429e-10 ***
Plant.Height col 53 571.1866 661.3978 -269.59331 36.38670 1 1.61803235320847e-09 ***
HI Complete 54 857.4398 946.6902 -412.71992 NA NA
HI Clone:Year 53 998.1175 1087.3678 -483.05875 140.67766 1 1.89246206135505e-32 ***
HI Year 53 857.4398 946.6902 -412.71992 0.00000 1 1
HI Clone 53 883.0813 972.3316 -425.54063 25.64142 1 4.11120223239732e-07 ***
HI row 53 863.9312 953.1815 -415.96561 6.49137 1 0.01084 *
HI col 53 880.6592 969.9095 -424.32960 23.21936 1 1.44534923248465e-06 ***
StC Complete 42 189.4985 251.7957 -82.74926 NA NA
StC Clone:Year 41 216.7650 279.0621 -96.38249 27.26647 1 1.77258942847132e-07 ***
StC Year 41 189.4985 251.7957 -82.74926 0.00000 1 1
StC Clone 41 211.0080 273.3051 -93.50400 21.50949 1 3.52082519764859e-06 ***
StC row 41 214.9269 277.2241 -95.46346 25.42840 1 4.59109129196136e-07 ***
StC col 41 225.3872 287.6843 -100.69358 35.88865 1 2.08922621245291e-09 ***
Root.Le Complete 54 1101.6669 1190.9336 -534.83346 NA NA
Root.Le Clone:Year 53 1123.2389 1212.5056 -545.61945 21.57199 1 3.4079354505434e-06 ***
Root.Le Year 53 1101.6669 1190.9336 -534.83346 0.00000 1 1
Root.Le Clone 53 1123.5506 1212.8173 -545.77528 21.88364 1 2.89692983267488e-06 ***
Root.Le row 53 1109.6633 1198.9300 -538.83163 7.99634 1 0.00469 **
Root.Le col 53 1108.7701 1198.0367 -538.38503 7.10313 1 0.00769 **
Root.Di Complete 54 661.1255 750.3922 -314.56275 NA NA
Root.Di Clone:Year 53 707.0892 796.3559 -337.54458 45.96368 1 1.2046603370457e-11 ***
Root.Di Year 53 661.1255 750.3922 -314.56275 0.00000 1 1
Root.Di Clone 53 685.1023 774.3689 -326.55113 23.97677 1 9.75052895926333e-07 ***
Root.Di row 53 700.6341 789.9008 -334.31704 39.50859 1 3.26620244912293e-10 ***
Root.Di col 53 668.0854 757.3521 -318.04272 6.95995 1 0.00834 **
Stem.D Complete 54 1572.2548 1662.4351 -770.12738 NA NA
Stem.D Clone:Year 53 1623.5093 1713.6897 -795.75467 51.25459 1 8.11307329704012e-13 ***
Stem.D Year 53 1572.2548 1662.4351 -770.12738 0.00000 1 1
Stem.D Clone 53 1589.9248 1680.1051 -778.96239 17.67003 1 3e-05 ***
Stem.D row 53 1579.5967 1669.7770 -773.79836 7.34197 1 0.00674 **
Stem.D col 53 1593.8973 1684.0776 -780.94864 21.64253 1 3.28486263381027e-06 ***
Nstem.Plant Complete 42 635.6560 698.9746 -305.82798 NA NA
Nstem.Plant Clone:Year 41 695.9839 759.3025 -335.99193 60.32790 1 8.03011934485854e-15 ***
Nstem.Plant Year 41 635.6560 698.9746 -305.82798 0.00000 1 1
Nstem.Plant Clone 41 646.0491 709.3678 -311.02456 10.39316 1 0.00126 **
Nstem.Plant row 41 635.6559 698.9746 -305.82797 0.00003 1 0.99558
Nstem.Plant col 41 635.6560 698.9746 -305.82799 0.00001 1 0.99784

Then, now we go to execute the Genomic Wide Selection script: GWS.Rmd


sessionInfo()
R version 4.3.3 (2024-02-29 ucrt)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19045)

Matrix products: default


locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=Portuguese_Brazil.utf8  LC_CTYPE=Portuguese_Brazil.utf8   
[3] LC_MONETARY=Portuguese_Brazil.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C                      
[5] LC_TIME=Portuguese_Brazil.utf8    

time zone: America/Sao_Paulo
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] furrr_0.3.1       future_1.34.0     GGally_2.2.1      ggthemes_5.1.0   
 [5] metan_1.19.0      data.table_1.16.4 lubridate_1.9.4   forcats_1.0.0    
 [9] stringr_1.5.1     dplyr_1.1.4       purrr_1.0.2       readr_2.1.5      
[13] tidyr_1.3.1       tibble_3.2.1      ggplot2_3.5.1     tidyverse_2.0.0  
[17] kableExtra_1.4.0 

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] tidyselect_1.2.1    viridisLite_0.4.2   farver_2.1.2       
 [4] fastmap_1.2.0       tweenr_2.0.3        mathjaxr_1.6-0     
 [7] promises_1.3.2      digest_0.6.37       timechange_0.3.0   
[10] lifecycle_1.0.4     magrittr_2.0.3      compiler_4.3.3     
[13] rlang_1.1.4         sass_0.4.9          tools_4.3.3        
[16] yaml_2.3.10         knitr_1.49          labeling_0.4.3     
[19] plyr_1.8.9          xml2_1.3.6          RColorBrewer_1.1-3 
[22] workflowr_1.7.1     withr_3.0.2         numDeriv_2016.8-1.1
[25] grid_4.3.3          polyclip_1.10-7     git2r_0.35.0       
[28] colorspace_2.1-1    globals_0.16.3      scales_1.3.0       
[31] MASS_7.3-60.0.1     cli_3.6.3           crayon_1.5.3       
[34] rmarkdown_2.29      ragg_1.3.3          reformulas_0.4.0   
[37] generics_0.1.3      rstudioapi_0.17.1   tzdb_0.4.0         
[40] minqa_1.2.8         cachem_1.1.0        ggforce_0.4.2      
[43] splines_4.3.3       parallel_4.3.3      vctrs_0.6.5        
[46] boot_1.3-31         Matrix_1.6-1        jsonlite_1.8.9     
[49] sommer_4.3.6        hms_1.1.3           patchwork_1.3.0    
[52] ggrepel_0.9.6       listenv_0.9.1       systemfonts_1.1.0  
[55] jquerylib_0.1.4     parallelly_1.41.0   glue_1.8.0         
[58] nloptr_2.1.1        ggstats_0.8.0       codetools_0.2-20   
[61] stringi_1.8.4       gtable_0.3.6        later_1.4.1        
[64] lme4_1.1-36         lmerTest_3.1-3      munsell_0.5.1      
[67] pillar_1.10.1       htmltools_0.5.8.1   R6_2.5.1           
[70] textshaping_0.4.1   Rdpack_2.6.2        rprojroot_2.0.4    
[73] evaluate_1.0.3      lattice_0.22-6      rbibutils_2.3      
[76] httpuv_1.6.15       bslib_0.8.0         Rcpp_1.0.14        
[79] svglite_2.1.3       nlme_3.1-166        whisker_0.4.1      
[82] xfun_0.50           fs_1.6.5            pkgconfig_2.0.3    

  1. Weverton Gomes da Costa, Pós-Doutorando, Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, ↩︎